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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

63
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

49
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
49
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

61
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
61
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

67
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
67
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

119
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
119
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

86
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
86

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Upper urinary tract function of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Violaine Piquet1, Nicolas Turmel1,2, Camille Chesnel1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, GRC 01, GREEN Groupe de Recherche Clinique en Neuro-Urologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to kidney damage. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) can detect VUR but should be used selectively due to its low prevalence.

Keywords:
multiple sclerosisneurogenic bladderprognosisvesicoureteral refluxvoiding cystourethrography

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Renal prognosis is a critical aspect of bladder management for MS patients.
  • Assessing upper urinary tract damage risk is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risk of upper urinary tract damage using voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).
  • To investigate the association between VUR and clinical/urodynamic parameters in MS patients with NLUTD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 325 patients with MS and NLUTD from 2010-2020.
  • Collected data included demographics, urinary symptoms, UTIs, renal ultrasounds, GFR, VCUG, and urodynamics.
  • Analyzed associations between VUR and various clinical and urodynamic factors.

Main Results:

  • Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was detected in 18 patients (5.5%).
  • VUR was significantly associated with progressive MS course, hydronephrosis, lower GFR, and detrusor overactivity.
  • Lower GFR was independently related to the presence of VUR on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • VCUG-detected VUR in MS patients correlates with reduced GFR and hydronephrosis.
  • Given the low prevalence of VUR in this population, VCUG is recommended for selected cases rather than routine practice.
  • This finding aids in optimizing diagnostic strategies for renal preservation in MS patients.