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The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket...
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Direct foam writing in microgravity.

Guy Jacob Cordonier1, Cicely Sharafati1, Spencer Mays1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.

NPJ Microgravity
|December 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers 3D printed metal oxide nanoparticle foams in microgravity using Direct Foam Writing (DFW). Gravity significantly impacts foam spreading and surface properties, crucial for space applications like habitat repair and UV shielding.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Space Technology

Background:

  • Hierarchical foams with metal oxide nanoparticles show promise for space applications.
  • In situ manufacturing capabilities are essential for long-duration space missions.
  • Understanding the influence of gravity on material processing is critical for extraterrestrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of 2D printing aqueous-based metal oxide nanoparticle foams in microgravity.
  • To characterize the properties of printed foams under microgravity conditions.
  • To assess the impact of microgravity on the Direct Foam Writing (DFW) process and resulting material characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Direct Foam Writing (DFW) to print TiO2-containing aqueous foams onto glass substrates.
  • Conducted experiments during parabolic aircraft flights to simulate microgravity conditions.
  • Performed initial characterization of printed foam line width, bubble size, cross-sectional area, surface roughness, and contact angle.

Main Results:

  • Successful 2D printing of nanoparticle foams in microgravity was achieved.
  • Microgravity significantly reduced foam spreading compared to Earth gravity.
  • Printed foam lines exhibited altered cross-sectional areas and increased surface roughness in microgravity.
  • The contact angle of deionized water on microgravity-exposed films was higher due to increased surface roughness.

Conclusions:

  • Gravity plays a significant role in the Direct Foam Writing (DFW) process.
  • Microgravity processing of these foams leads to distinct morphological and surface properties.
  • The findings have implications for developing advanced materials for in situ space applications, such as habitat repair and UV shielding.