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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

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Circular RNA-Is the Circle Perfect?

Lavinia Caba1, Laura Florea2, Cristina Gug3

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Biomolecules
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (ribonucleic acid) are stable molecules involved in gene regulation. This review highlights their crucial role in cancer development and potential as biomarkers.

Keywords:
biomarkercancercircular RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of non-coding RNA molecules.
  • They are generated through a back-splicing mechanism, are evolutionarily conserved, and exhibit high stability and tissue-specific expression.
  • circRNAs function in regulating transcription, splicing, acting as microRNA sponges, and modulating protein-protein interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of circular RNA in the context of cancer.
  • To explore the regulatory roles of circRNAs in cancer pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating circular RNA in cancer.
  • Analysis of circRNA involvement in key cellular processes like apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation.
  • Examination of circRNA dysregulation in various cancer types.

Main Results:

  • Circular RNAs play critical roles in essential cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation.
  • Dysregulation (upregulation or downregulation) of specific circRNAs is implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of various cancers.
  • These findings underscore the functional importance of circRNAs in cancer biology.

Conclusions:

  • Circular RNAs are integral to cellular functions and are significantly involved in cancer development.
  • Their regulatory roles and altered expression patterns in cancer highlight their potential as valuable cancer biomarkers.
  • circRNAs represent promising targets for novel cancer therapeutic strategies.