Periodontal Bifunctional Biomaterials: Progress and Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Periodontology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease causing periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss, driven by microbial and immune factors.
• Current periodontal therapy aims for complete alveolar bone regeneration and inflammation control.
• Bifunctional biomaterials, possessing both antibacterial and osteogenic effects, are crucial for achieving these therapeutic goals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in periodontal bifunctional biomaterials.
• To summarize progress in bioactive agents, guided tissue/bone regeneration membranes, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery systems.
• To offer novel perspectives on the development and application of these materials.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recent literature on periodontal bifunctional biomaterials.
• Categorization of biomaterials based on their components and functions (antibacterial, osteogenic).
• Analysis of applications including bioactive agents, GTR/GBR membranes, scaffolds, and drug delivery systems.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in developing composite bifunctional biomaterials for periodontal regeneration.
• These materials demonstrate combined antibacterial and osteogenic effects, crucial for treating periodontitis.
• Various forms, including membranes, scaffolds, and drug delivery systems, have shown promise.

Conclusions:

• Composite biomaterials represent a significant advancement in periodontal therapy.
• Careful selection is essential due to potential selection bias and the need for rigorous validity assessment of studies.
• Further research should focus on robust evaluation of biomaterial efficacy and safety.