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Periodontal Bifunctional Biomaterials: Progress and Perspectives.

Qiuxia Huang1,2, Xin Huang2,3, Lisha Gu1,2

  • 1Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.

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|December 24, 2021
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Summary

This review explores advanced bifunctional biomaterials for periodontitis therapy, focusing on their antibacterial and bone-regenerating properties to combat tissue destruction and tooth loss.

Keywords:
antibacterialbiomaterialsbone regenerationperiodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Periodontology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease causing periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss, driven by microbial and immune factors.
  • Current periodontal therapy aims for complete alveolar bone regeneration and inflammation control.
  • Bifunctional biomaterials, possessing both antibacterial and osteogenic effects, are crucial for achieving these therapeutic goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in periodontal bifunctional biomaterials.
  • To summarize progress in bioactive agents, guided tissue/bone regeneration membranes, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery systems.
  • To offer novel perspectives on the development and application of these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on periodontal bifunctional biomaterials.
  • Categorization of biomaterials based on their components and functions (antibacterial, osteogenic).
  • Analysis of applications including bioactive agents, GTR/GBR membranes, scaffolds, and drug delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing composite bifunctional biomaterials for periodontal regeneration.
  • These materials demonstrate combined antibacterial and osteogenic effects, crucial for treating periodontitis.
  • Various forms, including membranes, scaffolds, and drug delivery systems, have shown promise.

Conclusions:

  • Composite biomaterials represent a significant advancement in periodontal therapy.
  • Careful selection is essential due to potential selection bias and the need for rigorous validity assessment of studies.
  • Further research should focus on robust evaluation of biomaterial efficacy and safety.