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Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C

P Guntipalli1, R Pakala1, S Kumari Gara1

  • 1Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, Florida, United States of America.

Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica
|December 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a global health threat, with varied prevalence and genotypes worldwide. Early detection and treatment are crucial for eliminating HCV by 2030.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a primary cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
  • Global HCV infection rates vary significantly, impacting public health worldwide.
  • Molecular epidemiology studies are vital for understanding HCV distribution, genotypes, and transmission patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global public health significance of Hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  • To underscore the importance of molecular epidemiology in understanding HCV distribution and genotypes.
  • To emphasize the need for detection, treatment, and global strategies for HCV elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular epidemiology studies globally.
  • Analysis of HCV genotype and subtype distribution based on geographic origin and risk factors.
  • Examination of global HCV infection trends, transmission routes, and treatment accessibility.

Main Results:

  • HCV infection is unevenly distributed globally, with 8 major genotypes and 57 subtypes identified.
  • Geographic origin and transmission risk categories influence HCV genotype and subtype prevalence.
  • In 2015, 1.75 million new infections occurred, primarily due to unsafe healthcare and injection drug use, with variable access to direct-acting antivirals.

Conclusions:

  • Effective HCV elimination requires addressing global disparities in detection, treatment, and access to antivirals.
  • Molecular epidemiology provides critical insights for targeted public health interventions against HCV.
  • The global strategy aims to reduce HCV infections by 90% and deaths by 65% by 2030.

Keywords:
epidemiologygenotypehepatitis C virusmolecular biologyprevention

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