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The social basis of referential communication: Speakers construct physical reference based on listeners' expected
Julian Jara-Ettinger1, Paula Rubio-Fernandez2
1Department of Psychology.
Psychological Review
|December 30, 2021
Summary
Speakers aim to help listeners identify referents efficiently, not just be brief. This communication strategy, the Incremental Collaborative Efficiency (ICE) model, explains why people sometimes use redundant adjectives.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Linguistics
- Computational Linguistics
Background:
- Human communication often assumes brevity, yet redundant adjectives are common.
- Cross-linguistic variation exists in the tendency to over-specify during communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a computational theory explaining the production of referential expressions.
- To model how speakers facilitate listeners' real-time reference resolution.
- To investigate the role of collaborative goals in language production.
Main Methods:
- Developed the Incremental Collaborative Efficiency (ICE) model.
- Applied the ICE framework to physical reference resolution.
- Compared the ICE model against a brevity-based alternative.
Main Results:
- The ICE model explains why speakers over-specify, capturing cross-linguistic differences.
- The model accurately predicts graded acceptability judgments.
- The ICE model outperforms a brevity-based model in quantitative accuracy.
Conclusions:
- Physical reference production is driven by a collaborative goal to aid listener identification.
- Efficiency in language production is listener-centric, not solely speaker-centric.
- The ICE model provides a robust framework for understanding referential communication.
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