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Complement activation by hydroxyethylmethacrylate-ethylmethacrylate copolymers.

M S Payne, T A Horbett

    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
    |July 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Polymers with 60% or more 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) significantly activate the human complement system. This challenges the biocompatibility of poly-HEMA, suggesting it

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Immunology
    • Polymer Chemistry

    Background:

    • Biomaterials like nylon oxygenators and cellulosic dialysis membranes are known to activate the human complement system.
    • Understanding complement activation by novel biomaterials is crucial for predicting in vivo responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of polymers containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the human complement system.
    • To evaluate the relationship between HEMA content and complement activation.
    • To propose a new criterion for molecular biocompatibility.

    Main Methods:

    • Copolymers of HEMA with ethylmethacrylate (EMA) were synthesized using radiation initiation.
    • Glass discs coated with these copolymers were exposed to human plasma in vitro.

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  • Complement activation was quantified using C3a radioimmunoassay.

    • Main Results:

    • Copolymers with 60% or greater HEMA content caused significant complement activation.
    • A direct correlation was observed between HEMA percentage and the degree of activation.
    • Poly-HEMA's activation level, corrected for surface area, was comparable to known activating materials like dialysis membranes.

    Conclusions:

    • High HEMA content in polymers leads to significant complement activation.
    • Poly-HEMA, often considered biocompatible, may be molecularly non-biocompatible based on complement activation.
    • Complement activation by foreign surfaces is a critical factor in biological responses.