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Eutrophication causes microbial community homogenization via modulating generalist species.

Mengdie Geng1, Weizhen Zhang2, Ting Hu3

  • 1School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.

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|January 4, 2022
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Summary

Eutrophication causes microbial communities in lakes to become more similar, driven by generalist species. This homogenization impacts aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Keywords:
Beta diversityBiotic homogenizationEutrophicationGeneralist speciesLocal contributions to beta diversity (LCBD)

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Eutrophication is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity, altering community structures.
  • The impact of eutrophication on microbial community homogenization and its mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between eutrophication and microbial community homogenization in shallow lakes.
  • To identify the underlying mechanisms driving these changes in bacterial and fungal communities.

Main Methods:

  • Studied bacterial and fungal communities in water and sediments of 40 shallow lakes.
  • Analyzed beta diversity patterns and their correlation with the trophic state index (TSI).
  • Assessed the influence of physicochemical factors and species' ecological strategies (generalist vs. specialist).

Main Results:

  • Eutrophication led to biotic homogenization of bacterial and fungal communities, with decreased variations at higher TSI.
  • Community dissimilarities increased with TSI, while local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) decreased for fungi.
  • Generalist species, not specialists, predominantly influenced beta diversity changes along the trophic gradient.

Conclusions:

  • Eutrophication drives microbial community homogenization in lake ecosystems.
  • Generalist species play a key role in microbial beta diversity shifts under eutrophication.
  • Findings offer insights into eutrophication's effects on microbial communities and aquatic biodiversity.