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Related Concept Videos

Poisson's Ratio01:23

Poisson's Ratio

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Poisson's ratio is a material property that indicates their stress response. It explains the connection between the elongation or compression a material undergoes in the direction of an applied force and the contraction or expansion it experiences perpendicular to that force. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches in the direction of the force and contracts laterally. Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of this lateral contraction to the axial elongation. The negative sign...
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Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

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Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Zero Poisson's ratio in single-layer arsenic.

Lingling Bai1, Yifan Gao1, Junhao Peng1

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Researchers discovered a new two-dimensional material, P2/m arsenene, exhibiting a near-zero Poisson's ratio (ZPR). This novel ZPR material has exceptional stability, making it ideal for precision instruments and optoelectronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Zero (or near-zero) Poisson's ratio (ZPR) materials are crucial for precision instruments due to their strain stability.
  • The scarcity of ZPR materials limits their widespread application.
  • Developing novel ZPR materials is essential for technological advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a novel two-dimensional ZPR material.
  • To characterize the Poisson's ratio and electronic properties of this new material.
  • To explore its potential applications in precision instruments and optoelectronics.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations were employed to investigate the material's properties.
  • The Poisson's ratio was calculated for P2/m arsenene under strain along the zigzag direction.
  • Band-gap analysis was performed to determine its optoelectronic suitability.

Main Results:

  • A new two-dimensional material, P2/m arsenene, was identified with a near-zero Poisson's ratio of -0.00021.
  • This Poisson's ratio is significantly lower than previously known ZPR crystalline materials.
  • The material exhibits a tunable band-gap (1.420-2.154 eV) under strain, suitable for optoelectronic devices.

Conclusions:

  • P2/m arsenene represents a novel and highly effective ZPR material.
  • Its unique properties offer significant potential for applications in aviation, medicine, and flexible electronics.
  • The material's optoelectronic characteristics make it promising for infrared and visible light devices.