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(R)Evolution of Refrigerants.

Mark O McLinden1, Marcia L Huber1

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Discover the history of refrigerant development, from early molecules to modern regulations. Most "new" refrigerants have roots in past discoveries, highlighting a continuous evolution driven by environmental and technological needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics and Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The development of refrigerants has been shaped by evolving regulations and technological advancements.
  • The search for new refrigerant molecules is a continuous process intertwined with equipment design and property modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the historical evolution of refrigerant molecules and the factors driving their development.
  • To analyze past comprehensive searches for new refrigerants and the tools used in their identification.
  • To review the progression of refrigerant property databases like NIST REFPROP.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review of refrigerant discoveries and development.
  • Analysis of three distinct periods of refrigerant searches (1920s, 1980s, 2010s).
  • Examination of the role of regulations and technological tools in refrigerant innovation.

Main Results:

  • Most "new" refrigerants were identified in scientific literature decades before commercial consideration.
  • Past searches often validated existing alternatives rather than discovering entirely novel molecules.
  • The evolution of refrigerant technology shows a cyclical pattern, including a return to natural refrigerants.

Conclusions:

  • Refrigerant innovation is largely built upon historical chemical knowledge, with regulations and tools guiding rediscovery and application.
  • Understanding this historical context is crucial for navigating the future of refrigerant development and selection.
  • The NIST REFPROP database has evolved significantly, supporting the accurate calculation of refrigerant properties for modern applications.