Interfacial Engineered Vanadium Oxide Nanoheterostructures Synchronizing High-Energy and Long-Term Potassium-Ion...

Potassium ion hybrid capacitors (KICs) have drawn tremendous attention for large-scale energy storage applications because of their high energy and power densities and the abundance of potassium sources. However, achieving KICs with high capacity and long lifespan remains challenging because the large size of potassium ions causes sluggish kinetics and fast structural pulverization of electrodes. Here, we report a composite anode of VO₂-V₂O₅ nanoheterostructures captured by a 3D N-doped carbon network (VO₂-V₂O₅/NC) that exhibits a reversible capacity of 252 mAh g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 over 1600 cycles and a rate performance with 108 mAh g^-1 at 10 A g^-1. Quantitative kinetics analyses demonstrate that such great rate capability and cyclability are enabled by the capacitive-dominated potassium storage mechanism in the interfacial engineered VO₂-V₂O₅ nanoheterostructures. The further fabricated full KIC cell consisting of a VO₂-V₂O₅/NC anode and an active carbon cathode delivers a high operating voltage window of 4.0 V and energy and power densities up to 154 Wh kg^-1 and 10 000 W kg^-1, respectively, surpassing most state-of-the-art KICs.