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Rural Otolaryngology Care Disparities: A Scoping Review.

Matthew J Urban1, Aoi Shimomura2, Swapnil Shah3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This scoping review reveals significant gaps and low-quality evidence in rural otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat) health disparities research. Future studies must focus on interventions and resident training to improve equitable care for rural populations.

Keywords:
disparitiesotolaryngologyruralscoping reviewsocial determinants of healthurban

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Health Services Research
  • Rural Health

Background:

  • Rural populations face unique challenges in accessing otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat) care.
  • Existing literature on rural health disparities in this specialty is fragmented and requires synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively synthesize existing literature on rural health disparities in otolaryngology.
  • To categorize current findings and identify critical research gaps.
  • To stimulate future research aimed at improving equitable otolaryngology care in rural areas.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review was conducted using multiple databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, etc.).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed, English-language, US-based studies from 1980 onwards addressing rural disparities in otolaryngology.
  • Studies were excluded if they were commentaries, reviews, letters, or published before 1980.

Main Results:

  • 79 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 75% published after 2010.
  • The literature is distributed across otology (34.2%), head and neck cancer (20.3%), and endocrine surgery (13.9%), among others.
  • Practice patterns (41%) and epidemiology (27%) were the most studied topics, with the Southeast region being most represented.

Conclusions:

  • A significant lack of high-quality evidence and substantial research gaps exist across all otolaryngology subspecialties.
  • There is a critical need for studies on interventions and resident exposure to rural populations to advance health equity.
  • Addressing these gaps is essential for improving otolaryngology healthcare delivery in rural settings.