Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

34.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
34.4K
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

5.5K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.5K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.3K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indirect methods for the verification of reference intervals in laboratory medicine.

Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences·2026
Same author

Continuous reference intervals for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in children: a closed-form approach with zlog transformation.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

Lock out: targeting TMPRSS2 to block influenza and coronaviruses.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

The GFI1-FOXO1 axis regulates NK cell maturation and function.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Divergent granulopoiesis at extramedullary sites safeguards antibacterial host defense.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

High sensitivity of iPSC-derived motor neurons to the human-relevant botulinum neurotoxin serotypes E and F.

Neurotoxicology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

A Fluorogenic Peptide Cleavage Assay to Screen for Proteolytic Activity: Applications for coronavirus spike protein activation
07:53

A Fluorogenic Peptide Cleavage Assay to Screen for Proteolytic Activity: Applications for coronavirus spike protein activation

Published on: January 9, 2019

33.4K

Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Adaptation to Available Cellular Proteases.

M Zeeshan Chaudhry1, Kathrin Eschke1, Markus Hoffmann2,3

  • 1Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Researchgrid.7490.a, Braunschweig, Germany.

Journal of Virology
|January 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

SARS-CoV-2 rapidly adapts to cell cultures by altering its spike protein for improved cleavage. This adaptation allows for rapid evolution, highlighting the need for continuous genomic surveillance of emerging variants.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2coronavirus spike primingdeep sequencingfurin cleavage sitespike mutation

More Related Videos

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.1K
Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

59.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

A Fluorogenic Peptide Cleavage Assay to Screen for Proteolytic Activity: Applications for coronavirus spike protein activation
07:53

A Fluorogenic Peptide Cleavage Assay to Screen for Proteolytic Activity: Applications for coronavirus spike protein activation

Published on: January 9, 2019

33.4K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.1K
Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

59.2K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants like Alpha, Delta, and Omicron exhibit spike mutations linked to increased pathogenesis.
  • Coronaviruses possess significant adaptation and evolution potential, even with stable consensus genotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 rapid adaptation in Vero E6 cells.
  • To understand the role of spike protein mutations in viral adaptation and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Passaging SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells to observe adaptation.
  • Analyzing spike protein cleavage efficiency by host proteases (cathepsins, furin, TMPRSS2).
  • Investigating the influence of heparan sulfate (HS) binding on virus growth.

Main Results:

  • Adaptation to Vero E6 cells is driven by increased S1/S2 cleavage efficiency by cathepsins.
  • Vero E6-adapted virus shows defective entry into human cells due to poor spike processing by furin/TMPRSS2.
  • Subdominant variants lacking furin cleavage sites rapidly dominate in Vero E6 cells but wild-type sequences persist, enabling reverse adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein rapidly adapts to available proteases, demonstrating significant evolutionary potential.
  • Deep sequence surveillance is crucial for identifying novel SARS-CoV-2 variants with adaptive capabilities.
  • The maintenance of subdominant variants within the viral population facilitates rapid adaptation to changing selective pressures.