Diffuse Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis With Left Pulmonary Tuberculosis Displayed on 18F-FDG PET/CT

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Infectious Diseases
• Nuclear Medicine

Background:

• Persistent respiratory symptoms like cough and sputum necessitate thorough diagnostic evaluation.
• Pulmonary nodules and airway abnormalities can indicate various underlying pathologies, including infections and malignancies.

Observation:

• A 57-year-old female presented with a two-month history of persistent cough and sputum.
• Chest CT identified multiple nodules in the left lung.
• 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated hypermetabolic nodules and diffuse thickening of the trachea and left bronchial wall.

Findings:

• Pathological examination via bronchoscopy confirmed inflammatory granulation tissue.
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified as the causative agent.
• The findings indicate pulmonary and bronchial tuberculosis.

Implications:

• This case highlights the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluating pulmonary lesions and airway involvement in suspected tuberculosis.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of tuberculosis.
• Integrated imaging and pathological findings aid in understanding the extent of disease.