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Invasive Non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Infections.

Joshua Fierer1

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) typically cause gastroenteritis. However, specific Salmonella serovars cause invasive NTS (iNTS) disease and enteric fever, where bacteremia is the main symptom, not gastroenteritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Salmonella enterica are bacteria that infect hosts through the intestinal tract.
  • Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) encompass approximately 2,000 serovars, commonly causing gastroenteritis in healthy individuals.
  • Bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream) is a rare complication of NTS gastroenteritis, primarily observed in very young or elderly individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the clinical manifestations of various Salmonella enterica serovars.
  • To highlight the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of serovars causing invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections and enteric fever compared to common gastroenteritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on Salmonella infections.
  • Comparative analysis of clinical presentations associated with different Salmonella serovars.

Main Results:

  • While most NTS serovars cause gastroenteritis, a limited number are responsible for enteric fever and iNTS infections.
  • Bacteremia is the predominant clinical feature in enteric fever and iNTS, unlike the typical gastroenteritis presentation of NTS.

Conclusions:

  • Salmonella enterica exhibits diverse pathogenic potentials, with specific serovars causing systemic infections characterized by bacteremia.
  • Understanding the serovar-specific disease patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of Salmonella infections.