Silica Nanoparticles from Coir Pith Synthesized by Acidic Sol-Gel Method Improve Germination Economics

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biotechnology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Lignin, a natural biopolymer, offers a sustainable resource for nanomaterial synthesis.
• Biopolymer-derived nanoparticles present novel applications in various fields, including agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize silica nanoparticles (nSi) using lignin as a soft template.
• To characterize the synthesized nSi for their physical and chemical properties.
• To evaluate the effect of nSi on seed germination and plant growth.

Main Methods:

• Silica nanoparticles (nSi) were synthesized using lignin extracted from coir pith.
• Characterization involved UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, EDAX, DLS, and FTIR.
• Seed germination assays were performed on Vigna unguiculata.

Main Results:

• Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles with an average size of 18 nm was confirmed.
• EDAX analysis indicated high purity (Si and O only), and DLS showed a negative surface charge (-20.3 mV).
• Application of nSi significantly enhanced seed germination in Vigna unguiculata.

Conclusions:

• Lignin is an effective template for synthesizing pure silica nanoparticles.
• Biogenic silica nanoparticles show promise for enhancing plant germination.
• Further toxicological studies are required before widespread agricultural use.