Functionalizing nanofibrous platforms for neural tissue engineering applications

Over the past two decades, electrospun nanofibers have shown great promise in developing functional nerve constructs resembling the structural organization of the fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). However, these niche nanofibrous structures are often hindered by inadequate cell infiltration and poor mechanical strength. Further challenge is presented by the intricate nature of neural regeneration and repair processes. The versatility of electrospun nanofibers allows extensive modifications with the overarching aim of optimizing the neurocompatibility and neuroinductivity, in addition to enhancing cellular adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various optimization techniques for electrospun nanofibrous platforms in neural tissue engineering (NTE), including surface modifications to enhance cell-platform interactions, and techniques to facilitate drug and biomolecule delivery applications.