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Cognitive functions in late-life depression.

Caroline Masse1, Gilles Chopard2, Djamila Bennabi1

  • 1Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte et de la personne âgée, CHU de Besançon, France, Laboratoire de recherches intégratives en neurosciences et psychologie cognitive, Université Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.

Geriatrie Et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement
|January 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late-life depression (LLD) often involves cognitive disorders linked to brain circuit dysfunction. These impairments may precede or persist after depression, potentially indicating a risk for neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords:
biomarkercognitive declinedementialate-life depressionrisk factor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatric Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neurology

Background:

  • Late-life depression (LLD) frequently co-occurs with cognitive disorders.
  • Cognitive impairments in LLD may stem from frontostriatal and hippocampal dysfunction, potentially linked to cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Distinguishing between early and late-onset depression is crucial due to differing cognitive profiles and causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between cognitive disorders and late-life depression.
  • To investigate the potential role of cognitive impairment as a marker for depression's condition, trait, or risk.
  • To understand the implications of cognitive disorders in LLD, including their impact on treatment and progression to neurocognitive disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cognitive disorders in late-life depression.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging and neuropsychological data related to LLD.
  • Comparative studies examining early-onset versus late-onset depression cognitive profiles.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive deficits in LLD involve various functions, associated with frontostriatal and hippocampal abnormalities.
  • Cognitive impairment can precede depression and persist post-remission, suggesting complex etiological links.
  • The precise nature of cognitive impairment as a biomarker (condition, trait, risk) in LLD requires further clarification.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive disorders are a significant feature of LLD, with potential implications for disease progression.
  • These cognitive deficits can negatively impact emotional regulation, psychotherapy effectiveness, and antidepressant response.
  • Cognitive impairment in LLD may serve as an early indicator for the development of neurocognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.