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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

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Experimental exploration of five-qubit quantum error-correcting code with superconducting qubits.

Ming Gong1, Xiao Yuan1, Shiyu Wang1

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

National Science Review
|January 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate the [5, 1, 3] quantum error-correcting code using superconducting qubits. This smallest perfect code successfully corrects single-qubit errors, paving the way for universal quantum computing.

Keywords:
error detectionfive-qubit codelogical operationquantum error-correcting codesuperconducting qubit

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Error Correction

Background:

  • Universal quantum computing relies on robust quantum error correction.
  • Previous research has not demonstrated a complete universal quantum error-correcting code with all key features verified.
  • The [5, 1, 3] code, the smallest perfect code, offers a promising avenue for correcting generic single-qubit errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize the [5, 1, 3] quantum error-correcting code.
  • To verify all critical features of the code, including error identification, transversal manipulation, and state decoding.
  • To demonstrate the viability of superconducting qubits for implementing quantum error-correcting codes.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized encoding circuit design for the [5, 1, 3] code.
  • Utilized an array of superconducting qubits for state preparation and manipulation.
  • Implemented stabilizer measurements for error identification and decoding circuits for state recovery.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high fidelity for encoded states ([Formula: see text] average, [Formula: see text] in code space).
  • Successfully identified arbitrary single-qubit errors and performed logical Pauli operations with [Formula: see text] fidelity.
  • Recovered input states with an overall fidelity of [Formula: see text] using 92 gates.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment successfully demonstrates all key aspects of the [5, 1, 3] quantum error-correcting code.
  • This work verifies the feasibility of realizing quantum error-correcting codes using superconducting qubit technology.
  • The findings represent a significant step towards building fault-tolerant universal quantum computers.