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Working Memory

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

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Published on: June 12, 2017

The Jack and Jill Adaptive Working Memory Task: Construction, Calibration and Validation.

Elina Tsigeman^1,2, Sebastian Silas^3,4, Klaus Frieler⁵

¹Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.

|January 27, 2022

Summary

A new open-source tool, the Jack and Jill (JaJ) visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task, was developed using Item Response Theory and Computerised Adaptive Testing. JaJ offers a reliable and efficient measure for assessing VSWM across age groups.

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Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Psychometrics
Educational Psychology

Background:

Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is crucial for cognitive functions and life outcomes like academic success.
Existing VSWM measures have limitations, necessitating the development of new, accessible tools.
Item Response Theory (IRT) and Computerised Adaptive Testing (CAT) offer advanced frameworks for creating precise and efficient cognitive assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct, calibrate, and validate a novel, adaptive, computerised, and open-source VSWM test.
To overcome limitations of previous VSWM instruments and provide a freely available measurement tool for researchers.
To develop the Jack and Jill (JaJ) VSWM task based on IRT and CAT principles.

Main Methods:

Explanatory item response modelling was used to construct the JaJ task with adult populations (Study 1).
Static versions were validated for reliability and validity in adult and adolescent samples (Studies 2 & 3).
An adaptive version was implemented and evaluated using IRT models in adolescent samples (Study 4).

Main Results:

The JaJ task demonstrated sufficient internal consistency and concurrent validity.
Significant correlations were found with established measures of working memory, spatial ability, non-verbal intelligence, and academic achievement.
The JaJ task proved to be an efficient and reliable VSWM measure for adolescents and adults.

Conclusions:

The Jack and Jill (JaJ) task is a valid, reliable, and freely available tool for measuring visuospatial working memory.
The developed IRT and CAT framework facilitates efficient and accurate VSWM assessment.
JaJ has practical applications in research, education, and understanding cognitive abilities across different age groups.