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Graphene optical modulators using bound states in the continuum.

Myunghwan Kim1, Sangin Kim2, Soeun Kim3

  • 1Integrated Optics Laboratory, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.

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|January 28, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel graphene-based free-space optical modulators using silicon photonic crystals. These devices achieve high modulation depth and low insertion loss for optical communications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic and optical properties make it promising for optical modulators.
  • Low light-graphene interaction limits modulation depth and increases insertion loss in current designs.
  • Free-space modulators are less explored than waveguide types for optical communication wavelengths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate novel graphene-based free-space optical modulators.
  • To enhance light-graphene interaction using silicon photonic crystals supporting bound states in the continuum (BICs).
  • To achieve high modulation depth (MD) and low insertion loss (IL) at optical communication wavelengths.

Main Methods:

  • Designing graphene-based free-space modulators integrated into silicon photonic crystal structures.
  • Utilizing bound states in the continuum (BICs) to enhance the quality factor (Q-factor) and light-graphene interaction.
  • Simulating and analyzing modulator performance with standard chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultra-high Q-factor due to BICs.
  • Demonstrated high modulation depth (MD = 0.9972) and low insertion loss (IL = 0.0034).
  • Obtained excellent modulation performance with normal CVD graphene (mobility = 0.5 m²/Vs) at optical communication wavelengths.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed BIC-based silicon photonic crystal structure significantly enhances graphene-light interaction for free-space modulators.
  • The developed modulators offer a promising pathway for high-performance graphene-based optical active devices.
  • This scheme could enable next-generation optical communication and signal processing technologies.