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From Contact to Enact: Reducing Prejudice Toward Physical Disability Using Engagement Strategies.

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This study introduces the Enact hypothesis, a hybrid approach combining direct and indirect contact to reduce prejudice. Interventions should engage individuals and focus on nuanced attitude formation, not just correction.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Attitude Formation
  • Prejudice Reduction

Background:

  • The contact hypothesis is a dominant theory for prejudice reduction but faces application challenges due to strict conditions for direct contact.
  • Indirect contact strategies have been developed to address these limitations.
  • A hybrid approach integrating direct and indirect contact offers a potential solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a hybrid strategy for prejudice reduction, termed the Enact (Engagement, Nuancing, and Attitude formation) hypothesis.
  • To test the effectiveness of an engagement-based intervention in reducing prejudicial attitudes toward people with physical disabilities.
  • To reformulate the initial engagement strategy based on empirical findings.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a hybrid hypothesis integrating direct and indirect contact, based on the second-person method.
  • Implemented an engagement-based intervention using a theater performance.
  • Investigated the effects of the intervention on prejudicial attitudes toward individuals with physical disabilities.

Main Results:

  • The engagement-based intervention demonstrated effects on prejudicial attitudes.
  • The study led to the reformulation of the engagement strategy into the Enact hypothesis.
  • The Enact hypothesis posits two conditions for prejudice reduction: engagement and focus on second-order attitude formation.

Conclusions:

  • The Enact hypothesis offers a novel framework for prejudice reduction by combining engagement and nuanced attitude formation.
  • Interventions should aim to nuance attitudes rather than solely correct them.
  • This hybrid approach addresses the application challenges of traditional contact-based interventions.