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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

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Hallux Valgus.

Justin J Ray1, Andrew J Friedmann1, Andrew E Hanselman1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
|January 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hallux valgus, a complex foot deformity causing pain, involves first ray malalignment. Treatment ranges from conservative measures to over 100 surgical procedures aimed at pain relief and improved function.

Keywords:
Lapiplastybunionhallux valgusmetatarsal osteotomy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Podiatry
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Hallux valgus involves a complex 3D deformity of the first ray, commonly presenting as a bunion.
  • This condition leads to pain and altered joint mechanics, with debated biomechanical origins.
  • Predisposing factors include genetics, footwear, and coexisting foot deformities like pes planus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of hallux valgus.
  • To discuss current nonoperative and operative treatment strategies.
  • To highlight recent advancements in surgical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hallux valgus etiology, risk factors, and treatment.
  • Description of nonoperative management options.
  • Overview of surgical interventions, including traditional and minimally invasive approaches.

Main Results:

  • Hallux valgus is a multi-factorial condition with diverse treatment options.
  • Nonoperative care includes patient education, orthotics, and activity modification.
  • Surgical treatments encompass soft tissue balancing, osteotomies, and joint fusions, with over 100 procedures described.

Conclusions:

  • Hallux valgus management requires a tailored approach based on deformity severity and patient factors.
  • Surgical goals include pain reduction, deformity correction, and functional restoration.
  • Minimally invasive techniques and rotational correction represent recent surgical advancements.