Nutritional Deficiencies in Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Ketogenic Diets

Previously, medical diets, including the ketogenic and gluten-free diets, were rare outside of their target population. Subspecialists more familiar with risks and benefits often managed nutrition and any associated shortcomings. With more patients electively following a gluten-free or ketogenic diet for nonmedical needs, as well as the increasing prevalence of vegetarian diets, general pediatricians are seeing more followers of restrictive diets with general well-child care. Increasingly, general pediatricians can be the first provider to witness presenting signs or symptoms of associated nutritional deficiencies. This article reviews signs and symptoms of possible nutrient deficiencies seen with the vegetarian, ketogenic, and gluten-free diets.