Simulation in surgical training using freeze dried material

The acquisition of manual dexterity and surgical skills is usually achieved in the operating theatre under supervision. We describe an efficient way of learning intestinal anastomosis procedures with the use of gamma irradiated, lyophilized porcine or bovine tissues together with a purpose designed holding jig. Preliminary evaluation of this method with untrained subjects showed that they were able to improve their performance. Because the tissues are sterile, health hazards are avoided and no special laboratory facilities are required. This approach has promise as an aid to evaluation as well as training.