A Review of Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Decompression for Radiculopathy

Area of Science:

• Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
• Spinal Endoscopy Techniques

Background:

• Early endoscopic spine surgery had limited indications, hindering widespread adoption.
• Technological advancements have significantly broadened the scope of endoscopic spinal procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a concise review of endoscopic spine surgery's origins and advancements.
• To serve as a reference for physicians learning endoscopic spinal approaches.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical development and recent progress in endoscopic spine surgery.
• Analysis of current indications, advantages, and limitations of endoscopic decompression.

Main Results:

• Initial narrow indications for posterolateral and transforaminal endoscopic decompression have expanded.
• Higher quality camera systems and instruments facilitate broader use for soft disc herniations unresponsive to conservative care.
• Endoscopic techniques offer significant benefits for patient outcomes and recovery, though not a universal solution.

Conclusions:

• Endoscopic spine surgery is gaining traction due to its advantages and expanding indications.
• Relative contraindications exist, requiring careful patient selection.
• Integration with navigation technologies is poised to drive mainstream adoption.