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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

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Impact and interactions between risk factors on the iron status of at-risk neonates

Christine E Brichta1,2, Jennie Godwin3, Sally Norlin2

  • 1Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|February 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Congenital iron deficiency (ID) affects 31% of newborns. Preterm birth and small for gestational age significantly increase ID risk, with maternal hypertension being a novel predictor.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal health
  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Iron metabolism

Background:

  • Iron deficiency (ID) is a significant concern in newborns.
  • Understanding perinatal risk factors is crucial for early detection and management.
  • Congenital and infantile ID require specific diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the interactions between perinatal risk factors for congenital iron deficiency (ID).
  • To analyze iron status in two distinct infant cohorts: cord blood and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  • To identify novel predictors of iron deficiency in at-risk infants.

Main Methods:

  • Iron status was assessed using ferritin levels in a cord blood cohort (n=767) and a NICU cohort (n=257) of preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) infants.
  • Congenital ID was defined by cord ferritin levels < 84 µg/L.
  • Infantile ID was defined by serum ferritin levels < 70 µg/L at one month.

Main Results:

  • 31% of the cord cohort exhibited congenital ID, with additive risks (p < 0.0015).
  • 16% of the NICU cohort had infantile ID; risks were not additive, but 32% had ID if the threshold was 100 µg/L.
  • Preterm birth and SGA status significantly impacted cord iron, and maternal hypertension emerged as a novel predictor in both cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Summing risks in term infants and understanding compounding risks in preterm infants can improve screening and management of ID.
  • Early identification and intervention for iron deficiency in at-risk newborns are essential.
  • Maternal health conditions, like hypertension, play a role in neonatal iron status.
Abstract

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