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Language Control and Code-Switching in Bilingual Children With Developmental Language Disorder.

Megan C Gross1, Margarita Kaushanskaya2

  • 1University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Summary

Bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD) use more cross-speaker code-switching than peers with typical language development (TLD). This highlights the need for targeted support for home language use in DLD populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Bilingualism presents unique challenges for language development.
  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) can impact language control in bilingual children.
  • Code-switching, the alternation between languages, is a common bilingual behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate language control and code-switching patterns in bilingual children with DLD versus TLD.
  • To examine the role of language proficiency and cognitive control in code-switching behaviors.
  • To differentiate between cross-speaker and intrasentential code-switching in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 15 Spanish/English bilingual children with DLD to 47 with TLD (ages 4-7).
  • Utilized a scripted dialogue task to assess language control and code-switching.
  • Employed cognitive control tasks and language proficiency assessments.

Main Results:

  • Children with DLD exhibited significantly more cross-speaker code-switching (responding in English to Spanish prompts) than TLD peers.
  • No significant difference in intrasentential code-switching was observed between groups.
  • Cognitive control was more strongly linked to cross-speaker than intrasentential code-switching.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-speaker and intrasentential code-switching should be analyzed separately in bilingual children with DLD.
  • Increased cross-speaker code-switching in DLD children suggests a need for greater support for their home language.
  • Findings inform clinical practice and language support strategies for bilingual children with DLD.