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Aptamers from random sequence space: Accomplishments, gaps and future considerations.

Shuwen Qian1, Dingran Chang1, Sisi He2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|February 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic aptamers, nucleic acid molecules for molecular recognition, are compared to natural counterparts. This review analyzes SELEX experiments and proposes strategies for developing superior aptamers for real-world applications.

Keywords:
AptamersDNAIn vitro selectionModified nucleic acidsRNASELEX

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Aptamers are nucleic acid-based molecular recognition elements.
  • Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) has generated diverse synthetic aptamers since 1990.
  • Natural RNA aptamers (riboswitches) and protein-based recognition elements serve as benchmarks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze SELEX-derived aptamers for target range, affinity, and specificity.
  • Compare synthetic aptamers with natural recognition molecules.
  • Propose strategies to enhance aptamer development for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of published SELEX experiments.
  • Comparative analysis of synthetic aptamers, riboswitches, and protein binders.
  • Identification of research gaps and future directions for aptamer development.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic aptamers exhibit varied affinities and specificities across diverse targets.
  • Gaps exist between synthetic aptamers and the performance of natural recognition elements.
  • Current SELEX methods have limitations in achieving optimal aptamer characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to bridge the performance gap between synthetic and natural recognition elements.
  • Strategies include larger libraries, reselection, multivalent designs, modified nucleic acids, and innovative SELEX.
  • Developing aptamers with terminal applications in mind is crucial for real-world utility.