Synthesis and Application Studies of DOPO-Based Organophosphorous Derivatives to Modify the Thermal Behavior of Polybenzoxazine
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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
Published on: January 8, 2016
Thorben Sören Haubold1,2, Andreas Hartwig1,2, Katharina Koschek1
1Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Abstract:
The DOPO-based flame-retardant additives DOPO-HQ, DOPO-AP and DOPO-Van were synthesized in varying numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups and amine groups. Moreover, their influence on the polymerization of a bisphenol F-based benzoxazine, as well as the thermal properties of the resulting materials, were studied. All DOPO-based derivatives influenced the polymerization temperature onset with a reduction of up to 20 °C, while thermo-mechanical properties remained high. Surprisingly, phosphorous content below 0.4 wt% significantly improved the reaction against small flames yielding an increase in the limited oxygen index by 2% and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. DOPO-HQ proved to be the most effective additive regarding the reaction against small flames at an astonishingly low phosphorous concentration of below 0.1 wt%, whereas DOPO-AP and DOPO-Van simultaneously lowered the polymerization temperature.
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