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Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

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The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

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The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
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Travelling Waves01:04

Travelling Waves

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A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is...
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Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
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Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

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Topological constant-intensity waves.

Nicholas Ossi, Sathyanarayanan Chandramouli, Ziad H Musslimani

    Optics Letters
    |February 15, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Topological constant-intensity (TCI) waves in non-Hermitian photonics exhibit unique spatial phase differences without intensity changes. These novel waves are exclusively found in non-Hermitian systems, offering new insights into topological defects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Non-Hermitian Physics
    • Topological Phenomena

    Background:

    • Topological defects are crucial in condensed matter and photonics.
    • Existing topological defects often involve intensity variations.
    • Non-Hermitian systems offer unique platforms for novel wave phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce and characterize Topological Constant-Intensity (TCI) waves.
    • Explore the unique properties of TCI waves in non-Hermitian systems.
    • Investigate the conditions for the existence and behavior of TCI waves.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical formulation of TCI waves within non-Hermitian frameworks.
    • Analysis of the relationship between phase and potential in non-Hermitian systems.
    • Examination of free space diffraction and two-dimensional wave propagation.

    Main Results:

    • TCI waves demonstrate spatial phase differences without intensity modulation.
    • The existence of TCI waves is intrinsically linked to the non-Hermitian nature of the system.
    • Nonzero phase differences are directly correlated with the real and imaginary parts of the potential.

    Conclusions:

    • TCI waves represent a novel class of topological defects in non-Hermitian photonics.
    • These waves highlight the distinct physical phenomena possible in non-Hermitian systems.
    • The study provides a detailed understanding of TCI wave behavior and existence conditions.