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COVID-19 in Children

Philip Zachariah1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|February 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 is rare in children, but some develop serious conditions like multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Available treatments include antivirals, immunomodulators, and supportive care for respiratory and inflammatory symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 affects children, but severe illness is uncommon.
  • Disease manifestations in children are varied and frequently nonrespiratory.
  • Children with underlying health conditions face higher risks of severe respiratory issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diverse clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for severe COVID-19 and related conditions in pediatric populations.
  • To identify risk factors for severe disease progression in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and outcomes of COVID-19 in pediatric patients.
  • Analysis of available therapeutic interventions for different COVID-19 related syndromes.
  • Identification of patient groups at risk for severe disease.

Main Results:

  • Most children experience mild COVID-19 and recover with supportive care.
  • A significant concern is the delayed multisystem inflammatory syndrome, particularly affecting the heart in severe cases.
  • Specific treatments are available for at-risk adolescents, severe respiratory disease, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • While severe COVID-19 is rare in children, vigilance for diverse manifestations is crucial.
  • Prompt and appropriate therapeutic interventions can improve outcomes for severe pediatric COVID-19 and related inflammatory syndromes.
  • Medical comorbidities increase the risk for severe respiratory compromise in pediatric COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenMIS-CPediatricsSARS-CoV-2

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