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Summary

Hepatitis B incidence in Poland shows a decreasing trend, with no acute cases in vaccinated individuals born after 1994. However, declining vaccination coverage poses a risk for new Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections.

Keywords:
2019Polandepidemiologyhepatitis B

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • Understanding the epidemiological trends of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies.
  • Poland has implemented vaccination programs to combat HBV, necessitating ongoing surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland in 2019.
  • To compare the 2019 hepatitis B data with previous years to identify trends.
  • To evaluate the impact of vaccination programs on hepatitis B incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of registered hepatitis B and HBV infection cases from Poland's electronic Epidemiological Interview Registration System for 2019.
  • Inclusion of data from published bulletins on infectious diseases and vaccinations.
  • Utilization of Central Statistical Office data for mortality information.

Main Results:

  • In 2019, 2,854 hepatitis B cases were reported (7.4 per 100,000 population), with acute cases at 1.6%.
  • Acute hepatitis B incidence increased by 20% from 2018 but decreased by 20% compared to the 2013-2017 median.
  • No acute cases were observed in individuals aged 0-19; chronic HBV infections decreased by 11% from the previous year.
  • Medical procedures were the most common transmission route (75% of known cases); HBV vaccination coverage with the third dose was 90.5% in children born in 2018, a decrease from prior years.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B incidence in Poland demonstrates a decreasing trend from 2015-2019.
  • Universal HBV vaccination has resulted in no acute cases among those born after 1994.
  • Decreased vaccination coverage in newborns and infants may increase the risk of HBV infections, highlighting the need for continued preventive measures, including universal newborn vaccinations.