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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Hepatitis B in Poland, 2023-2024.

Małgorzata Stępień1

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Nadzoru, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy.

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|April 14, 2026
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Summary

Hepatitis B cases in Poland increased in 2023-2024, exceeding pre-pandemic levels, driven by migrant populations and medical procedures. Vaccination coverage for Hepatitis B (HepB3) among infants declined below 90%.

Keywords:
2023-2024PolandPolskaepidemiologiaepidemiologyhepatitis Bnadzórsurveillancewirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu B

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B remains a global health concern, with elimination goals delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Poland observed a leveling of Hepatitis B epidemiological indicators since 2022.
  • A rise in diagnosed Hepatitis B cases in Poland is noted, surpassing pre-pandemic figures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the 2023-2024 epidemiological status of Hepatitis B in Poland.
  • To assess Hepatitis B vaccination coverage rates in Poland for 2023-2024.
  • To compare current data with historical trends in Hepatitis B incidence and vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national Hepatitis B and HBV infection surveillance data via the Epibaza system.
  • Utilized data from "Infectious Diseases and Poisonings in Poland" and "Vaccinations in Poland" bulletins.
  • Incorporated mortality data from Statistics Poland (GUS) for comprehensive analysis.

Main Results:

  • Acute Hepatitis B incidence was low (0.1/100,000 in 2023, 0.09/100,000 in 2024), with migrants comprising a significant portion (39% in 2023, 25% in 2024).
  • Chronic and unknown stage Hepatitis B (CHB and UNK) diagnosis rates increased (8.24/100,000 in 2023, 9.35/100,000 in 2024), with imported cases (7-9.9%) often linked to Ukraine and medical procedures.
  • Hepatitis B vaccination (HepB3) coverage in 1-year-olds decreased to 89.5% in 2023 and 87.3% in 2024.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosed Hepatitis B cases in Poland have risen above pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels.
  • Increased testing and a growing migrant population, particularly from Ukraine, contributed to higher incidence and diagnosis rates.
  • Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among infants has fallen below the crucial 90% threshold.