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Scalable Synthesis of Pore-Rich Si/C@C Core-Shell-Structured Microspheres for Practical Long-Life Lithium-Ion Battery

Weili An1,2, Peng He1, Zongzhou Che1

  • 1BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel porous silicon/carbon (Si/C) microsphere anode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The advanced Si/C composite demonstrates exceptional capacity and long-term stability, overcoming key challenges in practical battery applications.

Keywords:
Si anode materialscore−shell structurelithium-ion batteriesmicrospheresporous structure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Silicon/carbon (Si/C) composites are promising anode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity.
  • However, practical application of Si/C anodes is hindered by challenges like volume expansion and poor cycling stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a large-scale, micro/nanostructured, pore-rich Si/C microsphere composite (P-Si/C@C) for advanced LIB anodes.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical performance and structural integrity of the P-Si/C@C composite for potential use in electric vehicles.

Main Methods:

  • Low-cost spray-drying and chemical vapor deposition with inorganic salts as pore-forming agents were employed for large-scale synthesis.
  • The P-Si/C@C composite features Si nanoparticles immobilized on a cross-linked carbon matrix, coated with a carbon layer.
  • Electrochemical performance was assessed through cycling tests, capacity retention measurements, and cell assembly.

Main Results:

  • The P-Si/C@C anode exhibited high porosity, effectively mitigating Si volume expansion.
  • It achieved a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 89.8% and a reversible capacity of 1269.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹.
  • Excellent cycling stability was demonstrated with 708.6 mAh g⁻¹ after 820 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹ and 81.4% retention after 1200 cycles in a 3.2 Ah cell.

Conclusions:

  • The developed P-Si/C@C composite offers superior structural stability and electrochemical performance compared to existing Si/C anodes.
  • The material's high porosity, robust carbon shells, and excellent conductivity contribute to its enhanced properties.
  • This P-Si/C@C anode shows significant potential for long-life, high-energy power batteries, particularly for electric vehicles.