Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

4.6K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
4.6K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.2K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.2K
Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

856
Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
856
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

29.4K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
29.4K
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

12.7K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
12.7K
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

14.3K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
14.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thresholded single-photon underwater imaging and detection.

Optics express·2021
Same author

Experimental Test of Tracking the King Problem.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2020
Same author

Intensity-modulated nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor for MMP-9 detection.

Lab on a chip·2019
Same author

[Modified Mclaughlin procedure combined with locking plate for posterior shoulder dislocation with fracture].

Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology·2019
Same author

Stabilizing nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes by magnesium doping for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Chemical science·2019
Same author

Heterologous biosynthesis of elsinochrome A sheds light on the formation of the photosensitive perylenequinone system.

Chemical science·2019
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K

Generating Haar-Uniform Randomness Using Stochastic Quantum Walks on a Photonic Chip.

Hao Tang1,2, Leonardo Banchi3,4, Tian-Yu Wang1,2

  • 1Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Physical Review Letters
|February 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers generated quantum randomness using a two-dimensional stochastic quantum walk on a photonic chip. This scalable method efficiently produces Haar-uniform randomness, a key resource for quantum information processing.

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Optics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Quantum operations require reliable randomness measures for tasks like boson sampling.
  • The Haar measure is a standard for quantifying randomness in quantum systems.
  • Previous theoretical work proposed combining quantum control and stochastic quantum walks to generate Haar-uniform randomness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally implement a protocol for generating Haar-uniform random quantum operations.
  • To investigate the efficiency and scalability of using stochastic quantum walks for quantum randomness generation.
  • To demonstrate the conversion of classical randomness into quantum randomness on an integrated photonic platform.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a two-dimensional stochastic quantum walk on an integrated photonic chip.
  • Analysis of distribution profiles to confirm convergence to an even distribution.
  • Comparison of the convergence speed between one-dimensional and two-dimensional waveguide arrays.

Main Results:

  • Experimental demonstration of convergence to 1-pad Haar-uniform randomness with increasing evolution length.
  • The two-dimensional array showed faster convergence compared to a one-dimensional array with the same number of waveguides.
  • Successful conversion of classical randomness into quantum randomness was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a scalable and robust method for generating Haar-uniform randomness.
  • The integrated photonic implementation provides a practical approach for quantum randomness generation.
  • This work offers essential building blocks for advancing quantum information technologies.