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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment
Published on: July 22, 2022
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Garments for functional electrical stimulation: Design and proofs of concept
Bastien Moineau1,2,3, Cesar Marquez-Chin1,4, Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi1,2
1Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Lyndhurst Centre, KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering
|February 21, 2022
Summary
New fabric electrodes for functional electrical stimulation (FES) show promise for individuals with paralysis. While comfortable initially, maintaining consistent moisture is key for effective and comfortable FES therapy.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rehabilitation Technology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Functional electrical stimulation (FES) aids functional recovery in neurological paralysis.
- Developing wearable garments for FES delivery is an active area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and evaluate garments with integrated fabric electrodes for FES.
- To compare the performance of fabric electrodes with conventional gel electrodes.
Main Methods:
- Fabric electrodes were knitted into shirts and pants using conductive yarn.
- Stimulation intensity, comfort, and electrical properties were tested against gel electrodes.
- Usability and design limitations of the garments were assessed.
Main Results:
- Fabric electrodes demonstrated lower sensory and higher maximal stimulation thresholds compared to gel electrodes.
- Comfort was dependent on electrode moisture, decreasing as fabric dried within 9-18 minutes.
- Inconsistent moisture led to variable stimulation intensity and required voltage.
Conclusions:
- Fabric electrodes present a viable alternative to gel electrodes for FES applications.
- Further design improvements are needed to address garment fit and lead practicality.
- Clinical trials with individuals with paralysis are essential to validate efficacy and overcome challenges.
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