Multichannel optogenetics combined with laminar recordings for ultra-controlled neuronal interrogation

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Optogenetics

Background:

• Understanding complex neuronal communication requires advanced tools for simultaneous recording and manipulation.
• Current methods face limitations in minimally invasive approaches and large-scale neural circuit interrogation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a flexible and minimally invasive framework for simultaneous large-scale neural recordings and optogenetic interventions.
• To enable precise, multichannel optogenetic control and interrogation of neuronal activity in behaving animals.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of thin, cell-sized, side-emitting optical fibers for optogenetics.
• Integration of optical fibers with silicon probes for simultaneous recording and stimulation.
• Development of a multi-channel optical commutator and patch-cord for experimental flexibility.
• Implementation in freely moving animals for laminar recordings, 3D optogenetic stimulation, and behavioral quantification.

Main Results:

• Achieved high-quality neural recordings alongside ultrafast, multichannel optogenetic inhibition.
• Demonstrated simultaneous laminar recordings and multifiber stimulations.
• Enabled 3D optogenetic stimulation and connectivity inference in behaving subjects.
• Successfully quantified behavior during neural circuit interrogation.

Conclusions:

• The developed framework facilitates simultaneous, large-scale neural recordings and optogenetic interventions with high precision.
• This technology supports photo tagging and controlled interrogation of rapid neuronal communication across brain areas.
• Paves the way for advanced studies of neural circuits and brain function in vivo.