Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 2, 2025
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
Published on: May 25, 2020
Diagnostic Performance of the PalmScan VF2000 Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer for Identification and
Vijay Shetty1, Prachi Sankhe1, Suhas S Haldipurkar1
1Laxmi Eye Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India.
Purpose:
To evaluate the diagnostic test properties of the Palm Scan VF2000Ⓡ Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer for diagnosis and classification of the severity of glaucoma.
Methods:
This study was a prospective cross-sectional analysis of 166 eyes from 97 participants. All of them were examined by the HumphreyⓇ Field Analyzer (used as the gold standard) and the Palm Scan VF 2000Ⓡ Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer on the same day by the same examiner. We estimated the kappa statistic (including 95% confidence interval [CI]) as a measure of agreement between these two methods. The diagnostic test properties were assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).
Results:
The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the Virtual Reality Visual Field Analyzer for the classification of individuals as glaucoma/non-glaucoma was 100%. The general agreement for the classification of glaucoma between these two instruments was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.56-0.78). The agreement for mild glaucoma was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61-0.92), for moderate glaucoma was 0.37 (0.14-0.60), and for severe glaucoma was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55-0.85). About 28% of moderate glaucoma cases were misclassified as mild and 17% were misclassified as severe by the virtual reality visual field analyzer. Furthermore, 20% of severe cases were misclassified as moderate by this instrument.
Conclusion:
The instrument is 100% sensitive and specific in detection of glaucoma. However, among patients with glaucoma, there is a relatively high proportion of misclassification of severity of glaucoma. Thus, although useful for screening of glaucoma, it cannot replace the HumphreyⓇ Field Analyzer for the clinical management in its current form.
