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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
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The Classical-Quantum Passage: A van der Waals Description.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the classical-quantum frontier using van der Waals interactions at low temperatures. It links these signs to the gas-liquid transition in noble gases using novel statistical quantifiers.

Keywords:
noble gasesthermal efficiencyvan der Waals gas

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Statistical Physics

Background:

  • The van der Waals model describes real gases deviating from ideal gas behavior.
  • Understanding the classical-quantum frontier is crucial for fundamental physics.
  • Gas-liquid transitions are key phenomena in thermodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate signs of the classical-quantum frontier at very low temperatures.
  • To explore the relationship between these signs and the van der Waals gas-liquid transition.
  • To apply novel thermal statistical quantifiers to noble gases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing van der Waals interactions at extremely low temperatures.
  • Analyzing the gas-liquid transition in noble gases.
  • Employing statistical quantifiers: disequilibrium, statistical complexity, and thermal efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Identified potential indicators of the classical-quantum frontier.
  • Established connections between these indicators and the van der Waals gas-liquid transition.
  • Gained insights into the behavior of noble gases under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a novel approach to exploring the classical-quantum boundary.
  • Thermal statistical quantifiers offer valuable tools for analyzing complex thermodynamic systems.
  • Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of matter at low temperatures and phase transitions.