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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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VISTA in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Perspective for Immunotherapy?

Markus Albertsmeier1, Annelore Altendorf-Hofmann2, Lars H Lindner3

  • 1Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.

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|February 25, 2022
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Summary

V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is expressed in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and linked to better survival. This finding may guide future cancer immunotherapy strategies for STS patients.

Keywords:
VISTAhumanimmune checkpoint regulatorsoft tissue sarcomasystemic therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is crucial for antitumor immunity and a potential cancer immunotherapy target.
  • VISTA has not been previously studied in a large cohort of soft tissue sarcomas (STS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate VISTA expression in high-risk STS.
  • To analyze the association of VISTA with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to assess VISTA expression in 213 STS tumor tissues.
  • Analysis included correlations with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), programmed death receptor-1 (PD1), programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1), CD3, tumor grade, and survival.

Main Results:

  • VISTA expression was found in 45% of STS specimens, varying by subtype.
  • VISTA correlated with higher tumor grade, increased TILs, and expression of PD1, PDL1, and CD3.
  • VISTA expression was associated with improved 10-year survival, particularly in patients without CD3+ TILs.

Conclusions:

  • VISTA is expressed across STS subtypes and positively associated with immune markers and improved survival.
  • VISTA expression is an independent predictor of prolonged survival in STS patients.
  • These findings support VISTA as a potential therapeutic target for STS immunotherapy.