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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Metamaterial-Inspired Electrically Compact Triangular Antennas Loaded with CSRR and 3 × 3 Cross-Slots for 5G Indoor

Arshad Karimbu Vallappil1,2, Bilal A Khawaja2,3, Mohamad Kamal A Rahim1

  • 1Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.

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|February 25, 2022
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Summary

Two novel metamaterial (MTM) antennas were developed for fifth-generation (5G) indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS). The designs offer a 60% size reduction compared to standard antennas, with one achieving a 700 MHz bandwidth.

Keywords:
complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)cross-slot MTMfifth-generation (5G)indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS)metamaterial (MTM)unit-cells

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Area of Science:

  • Antenna Engineering
  • Metamaterials
  • Wireless Communications

Background:

  • Fifth-generation (5G) technology demands advanced antenna solutions for indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS).
  • Metamaterial antennas offer unique electromagnetic properties for miniaturization and enhanced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate two novel metamaterial (MTM) antenna designs for 5G sub-6 GHz indoor applications.
  • To investigate the impact of ground plane structures on antenna bandwidth and performance.
  • To compare antenna designs using different substrate materials and validate fabricated prototypes.

Main Methods:

  • Design and simulation of two MTM antennas using CST Microwave Studio.
  • Utilizing triangular and rectangular patches with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR).
  • Fabrication and measurement of antennas on FR4 substrate for performance validation.

Main Results:

  • Both MTM antennas operate at 3.5 GHz, with dimensions 60% smaller than standard microstrip patch antennas (MPAs).
  • The antenna with a 3x3 cross-slot MTM structure on the ground plane achieved a measured bandwidth of 700 MHz and 2.3 dBi gain.
  • The antenna with a complete ground plane achieved a measured bandwidth of 100 MHz and 2.6 dBi gain.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MTM antennas are suitable for 5G IDAS due to their compact size and improved bandwidth.
  • Ground plane modifications significantly enhance antenna bandwidth, offering design flexibility.
  • The study validates the performance of MTM antennas through simulation and experimental measurements.