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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay
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Anti-Selection is Only the Beginning.

Valarie K Blake, Jessica L Roberts

    The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics
    |March 4, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Insurers should debate accessing genetic information to prevent anti-selection. This commentary calls for ethical discussions on the appropriate use of genetic data in insurance.

    Keywords:
    DiscriminationGenetic Information Nondiscrimination ActGeneticsHealth StatusInsurance

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioethics
    • Insurance Law
    • Genetic Information Privacy

    Background:

    • Insurers face challenges with anti-selection, where individuals with higher risk are more likely to purchase insurance.
    • Genetic information offers insights into future health risks, potentially exacerbating anti-selection issues.
    • Current regulations and ethical guidelines on insurer access to genetic data are debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive ethical and normative discussion.
    • To explore the conditions under which insurers might legitimately access genetic information.
    • To address the complex interplay between genetic data, insurance, and individual privacy.

    Main Methods:

    • This is a commentary, not an empirical study.
    • It involves a critical analysis of existing ethical frameworks and legal precedents.
    • It synthesizes arguments from bioethics, law, and insurance studies.

    Main Results:

    • There is a significant gap in normative guidance regarding insurer access to genetic information.
    • The commentary argues for a cautious approach, emphasizing ethical considerations over purely economic ones.
    • Potential frameworks for managing genetic information in insurance are implicitly suggested.

    Conclusions:

    • A robust, society-wide debate is necessary to establish clear ethical boundaries.
    • Decisions must balance the financial stability of insurance pools with the privacy rights of individuals.
    • Future policy and ethical guidelines should proactively address the implications of widespread genetic information access.