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Borislav Polovnikov1, Patrick Wilke1, Erwin Frey1

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This study reveals two distinct dynamics in epidemic spreading: slow, subdiffusive infection clusters and rapid, diffusive spread among healthy individuals. These findings offer new insights into absorbing state phase transitions and epidemic modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Statistical Physics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • The diffusive epidemic process serves as a key model for absorbing state phase transitions.
  • Understanding the critical dynamics of epidemic spread is crucial for public health and theoretical modeling.
  • Previous research has debated the theoretical classification of such systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the critical dynamics of the diffusive epidemic process.
  • To differentiate the spreading behaviors of healthy and infected populations.
  • To provide new perspectives on the theoretical classification of absorbing state phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic activity spreading simulations were employed.
  • Finite-size scaling analyses were utilized to examine critical dynamics.
  • The study focused on systems with differing diffusion constants for healthy and infected individuals.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct critical dynamics were identified: subdiffusive propagation of infection clusters and diffusive fluctuations in the healthy population.
  • Evidence suggests the presence of a strong-coupling regime within the diffusive epidemic process.
  • The findings challenge existing theoretical frameworks for classifying these systems.

Conclusions:

  • The diffusive epidemic process exhibits complex, dual-character dynamics at criticality.
  • The identified subdiffusive and diffusive behaviors necessitate a re-evaluation of theoretical models.
  • This research contributes to a deeper understanding of phase transitions in epidemic systems.