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Related Concept Videos

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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I. Progress Towards a Stem Cell Based Therapy for Diabetes.

Timothy J Kieffer1

  • 1Diabetes Research Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine
|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human stem cells can be differentiated into insulin-producing cells to treat diabetes. Transplanted cells reversed diabetes in rodents and improved glucose control and awareness in patients with type 1 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus arises from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic beta cells.
  • Islet transplantation is limited by donor organ scarcity, necessitating alternative cell sources.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells offer a potential source for generating functional, transplantable islets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm for diabetes treatment.
  • To assess the efficacy of macroencapsulation devices with and without portals for cell survival and function in vivo.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pancreatic endoderm cell therapy in a clinical trial for type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic endoderm.
  • Subcutaneous transplantation of cells in macroencapsulation devices into diabetic rodents and non-human primates.
  • Assessment of cell survival, differentiation, insulin secretion, and glycemic control.
  • Clinical trial evaluating safety and efficacy of cell therapy in type 1 diabetes patients.

Main Results:

  • Transplanted cells matured into insulin-producing cells, reversing diabetes in rodents.
  • Macroencapsulation devices with portals improved cell survival and function in rats and mice.
  • Clinical trial participants showed improved glycemic control, increased C-peptide levels, and better hypoglycemic awareness.
  • Explanted grafts revealed mature beta cells expressing key markers like insulin and MAFA.

Conclusions:

  • Human stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm shows therapeutic potential for diabetes.
  • Optimized macroencapsulation devices enhance cell engraftment and function.
  • Cell therapy is a promising approach for type 1 diabetes, warranting further investigation.