Design, Development, and Validation of a High-Fidelity "Ganglion Cyst" Model for Cadaveric Hand Surgery Training

Introduction  This study presents a design and developmental model with prospective validation. This study was aimed to design, develop, and validate a cadaveric model simulator of a ganglion cyst to train surgeons in its surgical excision. Materials and Methods  A novel "ganglion cyst" was designed using a latex powder-free glove and water-based, water-soluble lubricant (K-Y jelly). This "ganglion cyst" was then inserted subcutaneously into a cadaveric hand, positioned over the dorsum of the wrist to simulate a ganglion lesion. This simulation model was prospectively validated using postsimulation surveys conducted on novices and experts in hand surgery. The simulation was conducted during a basic hand surgery cadaveric workshop that included a practical station on ganglion excision. Results  Both the novices and experts had a concurrent agreement that the simulator provided relevance, realism, and value as a simulator for the teaching, excision and procedural assessment of ganglions in the hand. Conclusion  The role of high-fidelity simulation has been documented in the literature for surgical procedures. This simple and affordable model that we have developed and validated allows for the creation of a high-fidelity ganglion simulator in the cadaveric hand for teaching, excision, and procedural assessment among trainees.