[A systematic review of radiotherapy for primary renal cell carcinoma]

Renal cell cancer accounts for 2% of all cancers. The gold standard for managing patients with no evidence of distant metastasis renal cell cancer remains is complete surgical resection. The clinical data investigating preoperative radiotherapy failed to reveal benefited from this methods. The role of routine postoperative radiotherapy in the management of renal cell cancer is not established in patients with localized disease after complete surgical resection. Renal cell cancer is radioresistant tumor for conventional radiation therapy. Although renal cell carcinoma is related to radioresistant tumors, in recent years new promising directions in radiation therapy have become apparent. To overcome the radioresistance of renal cell carcinoma, the use of modified radiation therapy regimens with high doses per fraction is justified. new technologies of radiation therapy, which include stereotactic radiation therapy allows to accurately deliver doses of ionizing radiation to a tumor, without the risk of damage to neighboring tissues and organs. Recent data showing that with the use of high-precision methods, such as SBRT, unresectable local renal cell carcinoma can successfully be treated with durable local control and low toxicity. Nonetheless, prospective, randomized trials and omparative effectiveness studies are needed to further evaluate this ablative modality in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.