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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy
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Brain death: a clinical overview.

William Spears1, Asim Mian2, David Greer3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston Medical Center, 85 East Concord Street, Room 1145, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.

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|March 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details brain death determination, also known as death by neurologic criteria. It covers the history, clinical exam components, ancillary tests, and special considerations for diagnosing brain death.

Keywords:
Brain deathBrainstem deathDeath by neurologic criteriaECMOPediatricsTargeted temperature management

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Forensic Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Brain death, or death by neurologic criteria, is a legal definition of death established for decades.
  • Determining brain death involves complex clinical considerations and subtle diagnostic nuances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of brain death determination.
  • To discuss the philosophy, history, clinical assessment, and special considerations in diagnosing brain death.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the literature on brain death determination.
  • Detailed discussion of the clinical components of the brain death examination.
  • Analysis of ancillary tests, including their advantages and limitations.

Main Results:

  • The review covers the assessment of coma, cranial nerves, motor function, and apnea testing.
  • Special considerations for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, target temperature management, and pediatric populations are addressed.
  • Commonly used ancillary tests and their associated pitfalls are examined.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate determination of brain death requires careful attention to established protocols and special circumstances.
  • Ongoing controversies and future research directions in brain death diagnosis are highlighted.