Risk and Prognostic Factors for Different Organ Metastasis in Primary Osteosarcoma: A Large Population-Based Analysis

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Medical Research
• Public Health

Background:

• Osteosarcoma is a rare bone cancer, often diagnosed in children and young adults.
• Distant metastases significantly impact patient prognosis and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of distant metastases in osteosarcoma patients.
• To evaluate survival rates based on metastatic sites.
• To identify risk and prognostic factors for distant metastases in osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database (2010-2015).
• Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis.
• Univariate and multivariate Cox regression and logistic regression for risk and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

• 18.9% of 1470 osteosarcoma patients had initial distant metastasis; lung was the most common site (83.8%).
• Younger patients (25-59 years) had lower metastasis rates. Advanced tumor (T2/T3) and lymph node (N1) stages increased metastasis risk.
• 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for metastatic patients were 57.3%, 25.3%, and 18.1%, respectively. Older age (>25 years) and primary site surgery were associated with survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

• High initial distant metastasis incidence in osteosarcoma necessitates greater clinical focus.
• Inconsistent predictive factors for metastasis underscore the complexity of osteosarcoma management.